Flawless definition in farsi1/1/2024 ![]() It was used officially as a language of bureaucracy even by non-native speakers, such as the Ottomans in Anatolia, the Mughals in South Asia, and the Pashtuns in Afghanistan. Persian was the first language to break through the monopoly of Arabic on writing in the Muslim world, with Persian poetry becoming a tradition in many eastern courts. New Persian literature was first recorded in the ninth century, after the Muslim conquest of Persia, since then adopting the Perso-Arabic script. Middle Persian is attested in Aramaic-derived scripts ( Pahlavi and Manichaean) on inscriptions and in Zoroastrian and Manichaean scriptures from between the third to the tenth centuries (see Middle Persian literature). Old Persian is attested in Old Persian cuneiform on inscriptions from between the 6th and 4th century BC. Throughout history, Persian was considered prestigious by various empires centered in Western Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. Its grammar is similar to that of many European languages. It originated in the region of Pars ( Persia) in southwestern Iran. Modern Persian is a continuation of Middle Persian, an official language of the Sasanian Empire (224–651 CE), itself a continuation of Old Persian, which was used in the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE). It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivative of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, a derivative of the Cyrillic script. ![]() It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as Persian), Dari Persian (officially known as Dari since 1964) and Tajiki Persian (officially known as Tajik since 1999). Persian ( / ˈ p ɜːr ʒ ən/ PUR-zhən or / ˈ p ɜːr ʃ ən/ PUR-shən), also known by its endonym Farsi ( فارسی, Fārsī, ( listen)), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. The Persians and Chinese, however, being more liberal, exercise greater freedom in these respects, and in some of their old hunting rugs, of which but few remain, are depicted animals of all kinds.This article contains Persian text. Neither do they, as a rule, make their rugs symmetrical, their idea being to symbolize the fact that only Allah is perfect. ![]() ![]() The Turks, being orthodox Mohammedans, never weave figures of animals, birds or human beings into their rugs, as the teachings of the Koran forbid it lest it should lead to idolatry. The 1911 The practical book of oriental rugs says: It is thus intended to show that nothing but Allah (God) can be perfect. This is not the result of carelessness or accident, but is done intentionally by some devout artist. The December 1903 American Carpet and Upholstery Journal, Volume 21 says:Ī leading tenet in the Oriental faith is that Allah only is perfect, and that man should not attempt to perfect anything.Īgain you will find the designs of rugs slightly irregular or imperfect. ![]() The 1903 The Oriental Rug: A Monograph on Eastern Rugs and Carpets says:ĭeliberately, if necessary, it must show some defect, in proof that Allah alone is perfect. ![]()
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